Executive Summary: Energy remains the linchpin of our economic future – in the United States and around the world. National security, climate change, sustainable development, and the fate of the global environment are all affected by energy choices. Much is at stake in getting energy policy right. Energy systems are big and slow to change, but the world has clearly begun a transition to a low-carbon future – a transition that will involve trillions of dollars of investment and that is highly likely to pick up speed over the coming years. This provides a context for decision makers to evaluate spending and policy options.

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